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TestingPlant Add extra braces when setting VkClearValue

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Jul 20, 2021

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	#define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
	#include <GLFW/glfw3.h>

	#define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
	#define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
	#define GLM_ENABLE_EXPERIMENTAL
	#include <glm/glm.hpp>
	#include <glm/gtc/matrix_transform.hpp>
	#include <glm/gtx/hash.hpp>

	#define STB_IMAGE_IMPLEMENTATION
	#include <stb_image.h>

	#define TINYOBJLOADER_IMPLEMENTATION
	#include <tiny_obj_loader.h>

	#include <iostream>
	#include <fstream>
	#include <stdexcept>
	#include <algorithm>
	#include <chrono>
	#include <vector>
	#include <cstring>
	#include <cstdlib>
	#include <cstdint>
	#include <array>
	#include <optional>
	#include <set>
	#include <unordered_map>

	const uint32_t WIDTH = 800;
	const uint32_t HEIGHT = 600;

	const std::string MODEL_PATH = "models/viking_room.obj";
	const std::string TEXTURE_PATH = "textures/viking_room.png";

	const int MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 2;

	const std::vector<const char*> validationLayers = {
	"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation"
	};

	const std::vector<const char*> deviceExtensions = {
	VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME
	};

	#ifdef NDEBUG
	const bool enableValidationLayers = false;
	#else
	const bool enableValidationLayers = true;
	#endif

	VkResult CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT* pCreateInfo, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT* pDebugMessenger) {
	auto func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
	if (func != nullptr) {
	return func(instance, pCreateInfo, pAllocator, pDebugMessenger);
	} else {
	return VK_ERROR_EXTENSION_NOT_PRESENT;
	}
	}

	void DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger, const VkAllocationCallbacks* pAllocator) {
	auto func = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT) vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
	if (func != nullptr) {
	func(instance, debugMessenger, pAllocator);
	}
	}

	struct QueueFamilyIndices {
	std::optional<uint32_t> graphicsFamily;
	std::optional<uint32_t> presentFamily;

	bool isComplete() {
	return graphicsFamily.has_value() && presentFamily.has_value();
	}
	};

	struct SwapChainSupportDetails {
	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
	std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
	std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> presentModes;
	};

	struct Vertex {
	glm::vec3 pos;
	glm::vec3 color;
	glm::vec2 texCoord;

	static VkVertexInputBindingDescription getBindingDescription() {
	VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindingDescription{};
	bindingDescription.binding = 0;
	bindingDescription.stride = sizeof(Vertex);
	bindingDescription.inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX;

	return bindingDescription;
	}

	static std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 3> getAttributeDescriptions() {
	std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 3> attributeDescriptions{};

	attributeDescriptions[0].binding = 0;
	attributeDescriptions[0].location = 0;
	attributeDescriptions[0].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
	attributeDescriptions[0].offset = offsetof(Vertex, pos);

	attributeDescriptions[1].binding = 0;
	attributeDescriptions[1].location = 1;
	attributeDescriptions[1].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT;
	attributeDescriptions[1].offset = offsetof(Vertex, color);

	attributeDescriptions[2].binding = 0;
	attributeDescriptions[2].location = 2;
	attributeDescriptions[2].format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT;
	attributeDescriptions[2].offset = offsetof(Vertex, texCoord);

	return attributeDescriptions;
	}

	bool operator==(const Vertex& other) const {
	return pos == other.pos && color == other.color && texCoord == other.texCoord;
	}
	};

	namespace std {
	template<> struct hash<Vertex> {
	size_t operator()(Vertex const& vertex) const {
	return ((hash<glm::vec3>()(vertex.pos) ^ (hash<glm::vec3>()(vertex.color) << 1)) >> 1) ^ (hash<glm::vec2>()(vertex.texCoord) << 1);
	}
	};
	}

	struct UniformBufferObject {
	alignas(16) glm::mat4 model;
	alignas(16) glm::mat4 view;
	alignas(16) glm::mat4 proj;
	};

	class HelloTriangleApplication {
	public:
	void run() {
	initWindow();
	initVulkan();
	mainLoop();
	cleanup();
	}

	private:
	GLFWwindow* window;

	VkInstance instance;
	VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debugMessenger;
	VkSurfaceKHR surface;

	VkPhysicalDevice physicalDevice = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
	VkSampleCountFlagBits msaaSamples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
	VkDevice device;

	VkQueue graphicsQueue;
	VkQueue presentQueue;

	VkSwapchainKHR swapChain;
	std::vector<VkImage> swapChainImages;
	VkFormat swapChainImageFormat;
	VkExtent2D swapChainExtent;
	std::vector<VkImageView> swapChainImageViews;
	std::vector<VkFramebuffer> swapChainFramebuffers;

	VkRenderPass renderPass;
	VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout;
	VkPipelineLayout pipelineLayout;
	VkPipeline graphicsPipeline;

	VkCommandPool commandPool;

	VkImage colorImage;
	VkDeviceMemory colorImageMemory;
	VkImageView colorImageView;

	VkImage depthImage;
	VkDeviceMemory depthImageMemory;
	VkImageView depthImageView;

	uint32_t mipLevels;
	VkImage textureImage;
	VkDeviceMemory textureImageMemory;
	VkImageView textureImageView;
	VkSampler textureSampler;

	std::vector<Vertex> vertices;
	std::vector<uint32_t> indices;
	VkBuffer vertexBuffer;
	VkDeviceMemory vertexBufferMemory;
	VkBuffer indexBuffer;
	VkDeviceMemory indexBufferMemory;

	std::vector<VkBuffer> uniformBuffers;
	std::vector<VkDeviceMemory> uniformBuffersMemory;

	VkDescriptorPool descriptorPool;
	std::vector<VkDescriptorSet> descriptorSets;

	std::vector<VkCommandBuffer> commandBuffers;

	std::vector<VkSemaphore> imageAvailableSemaphores;
	std::vector<VkSemaphore> renderFinishedSemaphores;
	std::vector<VkFence> inFlightFences;
	std::vector<VkFence> imagesInFlight;
	size_t currentFrame = 0;

	bool framebufferResized = false;

	void initWindow() {
	glfwInit();

	glfwWindowHint(GLFW_CLIENT_API, GLFW_NO_API);

	window = glfwCreateWindow(WIDTH, HEIGHT, "Vulkan", nullptr, nullptr);
	glfwSetWindowUserPointer(window, this);
	glfwSetFramebufferSizeCallback(window, framebufferResizeCallback);
	}

	static void framebufferResizeCallback(GLFWwindow* window, int width, int height) {
	auto app = reinterpret_cast<HelloTriangleApplication*>(glfwGetWindowUserPointer(window));
	app->framebufferResized = true;
	}

	void initVulkan() {
	createInstance();
	setupDebugMessenger();
	createSurface();
	pickPhysicalDevice();
	createLogicalDevice();
	createSwapChain();
	createImageViews();
	createRenderPass();
	createDescriptorSetLayout();
	createGraphicsPipeline();
	createCommandPool();
	createColorResources();
	createDepthResources();
	createFramebuffers();
	createTextureImage();
	createTextureImageView();
	createTextureSampler();
	loadModel();
	createVertexBuffer();
	createIndexBuffer();
	createUniformBuffers();
	createDescriptorPool();
	createDescriptorSets();
	createCommandBuffers();
	createSyncObjects();
	}

	void mainLoop() {
	while (!glfwWindowShouldClose(window)) {
	glfwPollEvents();
	drawFrame();
	}

	vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);
	}

	void cleanupSwapChain() {
	vkDestroyImageView(device, depthImageView, nullptr);
	vkDestroyImage(device, depthImage, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, depthImageMemory, nullptr);

	vkDestroyImageView(device, colorImageView, nullptr);
	vkDestroyImage(device, colorImage, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, colorImageMemory, nullptr);

	for (auto framebuffer : swapChainFramebuffers) {
	vkDestroyFramebuffer(device, framebuffer, nullptr);
	}

	vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, static_cast<uint32_t>(commandBuffers.size()), commandBuffers.data());

	vkDestroyPipeline(device, graphicsPipeline, nullptr);
	vkDestroyPipelineLayout(device, pipelineLayout, nullptr);
	vkDestroyRenderPass(device, renderPass, nullptr);

	for (auto imageView : swapChainImageViews) {
	vkDestroyImageView(device, imageView, nullptr);
	}

	vkDestroySwapchainKHR(device, swapChain, nullptr);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
	vkDestroyBuffer(device, uniformBuffers[i], nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, uniformBuffersMemory[i], nullptr);
	}

	vkDestroyDescriptorPool(device, descriptorPool, nullptr);
	}

	void cleanup() {
	cleanupSwapChain();

	vkDestroySampler(device, textureSampler, nullptr);
	vkDestroyImageView(device, textureImageView, nullptr);

	vkDestroyImage(device, textureImage, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, textureImageMemory, nullptr);

	vkDestroyDescriptorSetLayout(device, descriptorSetLayout, nullptr);

	vkDestroyBuffer(device, indexBuffer, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, indexBufferMemory, nullptr);

	vkDestroyBuffer(device, vertexBuffer, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, vertexBufferMemory, nullptr);

	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
	vkDestroySemaphore(device, renderFinishedSemaphores[i], nullptr);
	vkDestroySemaphore(device, imageAvailableSemaphores[i], nullptr);
	vkDestroyFence(device, inFlightFences[i], nullptr);
	}

	vkDestroyCommandPool(device, commandPool, nullptr);

	vkDestroyDevice(device, nullptr);

	if (enableValidationLayers) {
	DestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, debugMessenger, nullptr);
	}

	vkDestroySurfaceKHR(instance, surface, nullptr);
	vkDestroyInstance(instance, nullptr);

	glfwDestroyWindow(window);

	glfwTerminate();
	}

	void recreateSwapChain() {
	int width = 0, height = 0;
	glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
	while (width == 0 \|\| height == 0) {
	glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);
	glfwWaitEvents();
	}

	vkDeviceWaitIdle(device);

	cleanupSwapChain();

	createSwapChain();
	createImageViews();
	createRenderPass();
	createGraphicsPipeline();
	createColorResources();
	createDepthResources();
	createFramebuffers();
	createUniformBuffers();
	createDescriptorPool();
	createDescriptorSets();
	createCommandBuffers();

	imagesInFlight.resize(swapChainImages.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE);
	}

	void createInstance() {
	if (enableValidationLayers && !checkValidationLayerSupport()) {
	throw std::runtime_error("validation layers requested, but not available!");
	}

	VkApplicationInfo appInfo{};
	appInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
	appInfo.pApplicationName = "Hello Triangle";
	appInfo.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
	appInfo.pEngineName = "No Engine";
	appInfo.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0);
	appInfo.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_0;

	VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo{};
	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
	createInfo.pApplicationInfo = &appInfo;

	auto extensions = getRequiredExtensions();
	createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(extensions.size());
	createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = extensions.data();

	VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT debugCreateInfo{};
	if (enableValidationLayers) {
	createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
	createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();

	populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(debugCreateInfo);
	createInfo.pNext = (VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT*) &debugCreateInfo;
	} else {
	createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;

	createInfo.pNext = nullptr;
	}

	if (vkCreateInstance(&createInfo, nullptr, &instance) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create instance!");
	}
	}

	void populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT& createInfo) {
	createInfo = {};
	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
	createInfo.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT \| VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_WARNING_BIT_EXT \| VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_ERROR_BIT_EXT;
	createInfo.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT \| VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT \| VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
	createInfo.pfnUserCallback = debugCallback;
	}

	void setupDebugMessenger() {
	if (!enableValidationLayers) return;

	VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT createInfo;
	populateDebugMessengerCreateInfo(createInfo);

	if (CreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT(instance, &createInfo, nullptr, &debugMessenger) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to set up debug messenger!");
	}
	}

	void createSurface() {
	if (glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, nullptr, &surface) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create window surface!");
	}
	}

	void pickPhysicalDevice() {
	uint32_t deviceCount = 0;
	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, nullptr);

	if (deviceCount == 0) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to find GPUs with Vulkan support!");
	}

	std::vector<VkPhysicalDevice> devices(deviceCount);
	vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &deviceCount, devices.data());

	for (const auto& device : devices) {
	if (isDeviceSuitable(device)) {
	physicalDevice = device;
	msaaSamples = getMaxUsableSampleCount();
	break;
	}
	}

	if (physicalDevice == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to find a suitable GPU!");
	}
	}

	void createLogicalDevice() {
	QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

	std::vector<VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo> queueCreateInfos;
	std::set<uint32_t> uniqueQueueFamilies = {indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value()};

	float queuePriority = 1.0f;
	for (uint32_t queueFamily : uniqueQueueFamilies) {
	VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo{};
	queueCreateInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
	queueCreateInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamily;
	queueCreateInfo.queueCount = 1;
	queueCreateInfo.pQueuePriorities = &queuePriority;
	queueCreateInfos.push_back(queueCreateInfo);
	}

	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures deviceFeatures{};
	deviceFeatures.samplerAnisotropy = VK_TRUE;

	VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo{};
	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;

	createInfo.queueCreateInfoCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(queueCreateInfos.size());
	createInfo.pQueueCreateInfos = queueCreateInfos.data();

	createInfo.pEnabledFeatures = &deviceFeatures;

	createInfo.enabledExtensionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(deviceExtensions.size());
	createInfo.ppEnabledExtensionNames = deviceExtensions.data();

	if (enableValidationLayers) {
	createInfo.enabledLayerCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(validationLayers.size());
	createInfo.ppEnabledLayerNames = validationLayers.data();
	} else {
	createInfo.enabledLayerCount = 0;
	}

	if (vkCreateDevice(physicalDevice, &createInfo, nullptr, &device) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create logical device!");
	}

	vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.graphicsFamily.value(), 0, &graphicsQueue);
	vkGetDeviceQueue(device, indices.presentFamily.value(), 0, &presentQueue);
	}

	void createSwapChain() {
	SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(physicalDevice);

	VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat = chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(swapChainSupport.formats);
	VkPresentModeKHR presentMode = chooseSwapPresentMode(swapChainSupport.presentModes);
	VkExtent2D extent = chooseSwapExtent(swapChainSupport.capabilities);

	uint32_t imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
	if (swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount > 0 && imageCount > swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount) {
	imageCount = swapChainSupport.capabilities.maxImageCount;
	}

	VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR createInfo{};
	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
	createInfo.surface = surface;

	createInfo.minImageCount = imageCount;
	createInfo.imageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
	createInfo.imageColorSpace = surfaceFormat.colorSpace;
	createInfo.imageExtent = extent;
	createInfo.imageArrayLayers = 1;
	createInfo.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;

	QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);
	uint32_t queueFamilyIndices[] = {indices.graphicsFamily.value(), indices.presentFamily.value()};

	if (indices.graphicsFamily != indices.presentFamily) {
	createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
	createInfo.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
	createInfo.pQueueFamilyIndices = queueFamilyIndices;
	} else {
	createInfo.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
	}

	createInfo.preTransform = swapChainSupport.capabilities.currentTransform;
	createInfo.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR;
	createInfo.presentMode = presentMode;
	createInfo.clipped = VK_TRUE;

	if (vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &swapChain) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create swap chain!");
	}

	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, nullptr);
	swapChainImages.resize(imageCount);
	vkGetSwapchainImagesKHR(device, swapChain, &imageCount, swapChainImages.data());

	swapChainImageFormat = surfaceFormat.format;
	swapChainExtent = extent;
	}

	void createImageViews() {
	swapChainImageViews.resize(swapChainImages.size());

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
	swapChainImageViews[i] = createImageView(swapChainImages[i], swapChainImageFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 1);
	}
	}

	void createRenderPass() {
	VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment{};
	colorAttachment.format = swapChainImageFormat;
	colorAttachment.samples = msaaSamples;
	colorAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
	colorAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
	colorAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
	colorAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
	colorAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
	colorAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkAttachmentDescription depthAttachment{};
	depthAttachment.format = findDepthFormat();
	depthAttachment.samples = msaaSamples;
	depthAttachment.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR;
	depthAttachment.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
	depthAttachment.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
	depthAttachment.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
	depthAttachment.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
	depthAttachment.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachmentResolve{};
	colorAttachmentResolve.format = swapChainImageFormat;
	colorAttachmentResolve.samples = VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
	colorAttachmentResolve.loadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
	colorAttachmentResolve.storeOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE;
	colorAttachmentResolve.stencilLoadOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE;
	colorAttachmentResolve.stencilStoreOp = VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE;
	colorAttachmentResolve.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
	colorAttachmentResolve.finalLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR;

	VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef{};
	colorAttachmentRef.attachment = 0;
	colorAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkAttachmentReference depthAttachmentRef{};
	depthAttachmentRef.attachment = 1;
	depthAttachmentRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentResolveRef{};
	colorAttachmentResolveRef.attachment = 2;
	colorAttachmentResolveRef.layout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL;

	VkSubpassDescription subpass{};
	subpass.pipelineBindPoint = VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS;
	subpass.colorAttachmentCount = 1;
	subpass.pColorAttachments = &colorAttachmentRef;
	subpass.pDepthStencilAttachment = &depthAttachmentRef;
	subpass.pResolveAttachments = &colorAttachmentResolveRef;

	VkSubpassDependency dependency{};
	dependency.srcSubpass = VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL;
	dependency.dstSubpass = 0;
	dependency.srcStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT \| VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
	dependency.srcAccessMask = 0;
	dependency.dstStageMask = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT \| VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_EARLY_FRAGMENT_TESTS_BIT;
	dependency.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT \| VK_ACCESS_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT;

	std::array<VkAttachmentDescription, 3> attachments = {colorAttachment, depthAttachment, colorAttachmentResolve };
	VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassInfo{};
	renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO;
	renderPassInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
	renderPassInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
	renderPassInfo.subpassCount = 1;
	renderPassInfo.pSubpasses = &subpass;
	renderPassInfo.dependencyCount = 1;
	renderPassInfo.pDependencies = &dependency;

	if (vkCreateRenderPass(device, &renderPassInfo, nullptr, &renderPass) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create render pass!");
	}
	}

	void createDescriptorSetLayout() {
	VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uboLayoutBinding{};
	uboLayoutBinding.binding = 0;
	uboLayoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
	uboLayoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
	uboLayoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
	uboLayoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;

	VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding samplerLayoutBinding{};
	samplerLayoutBinding.binding = 1;
	samplerLayoutBinding.descriptorCount = 1;
	samplerLayoutBinding.descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
	samplerLayoutBinding.pImmutableSamplers = nullptr;
	samplerLayoutBinding.stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;

	std::array<VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding, 2> bindings = {uboLayoutBinding, samplerLayoutBinding};
	VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo{};
	layoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
	layoutInfo.bindingCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(bindings.size());
	layoutInfo.pBindings = bindings.data();

	if (vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(device, &layoutInfo, nullptr, &descriptorSetLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor set layout!");
	}
	}

	void createGraphicsPipeline() {
	auto vertShaderCode = readFile("shaders/vert.spv");
	auto fragShaderCode = readFile("shaders/frag.spv");

	VkShaderModule vertShaderModule = createShaderModule(vertShaderCode);
	VkShaderModule fragShaderModule = createShaderModule(fragShaderCode);

	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo vertShaderStageInfo{};
	vertShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
	vertShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT;
	vertShaderStageInfo.module = vertShaderModule;
	vertShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo fragShaderStageInfo{};
	fragShaderStageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO;
	fragShaderStageInfo.stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT;
	fragShaderStageInfo.module = fragShaderModule;
	fragShaderStageInfo.pName = "main";

	VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = {vertShaderStageInfo, fragShaderStageInfo};

	VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo{};
	vertexInputInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;

	auto bindingDescription = Vertex::getBindingDescription();
	auto attributeDescriptions = Vertex::getAttributeDescriptions();

	vertexInputInfo.vertexBindingDescriptionCount = 1;
	vertexInputInfo.vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attributeDescriptions.size());
	vertexInputInfo.pVertexBindingDescriptions = &bindingDescription;
	vertexInputInfo.pVertexAttributeDescriptions = attributeDescriptions.data();

	VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly{};
	inputAssembly.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	inputAssembly.topology = VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_LIST;
	inputAssembly.primitiveRestartEnable = VK_FALSE;

	VkViewport viewport{};
	viewport.x = 0.0f;
	viewport.y = 0.0f;
	viewport.width = (float) swapChainExtent.width;
	viewport.height = (float) swapChainExtent.height;
	viewport.minDepth = 0.0f;
	viewport.maxDepth = 1.0f;

	VkRect2D scissor{};
	scissor.offset = {0, 0};
	scissor.extent = swapChainExtent;

	VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState{};
	viewportState.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	viewportState.viewportCount = 1;
	viewportState.pViewports = &viewport;
	viewportState.scissorCount = 1;
	viewportState.pScissors = &scissor;

	VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer{};
	rasterizer.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	rasterizer.depthClampEnable = VK_FALSE;
	rasterizer.rasterizerDiscardEnable = VK_FALSE;
	rasterizer.polygonMode = VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL;
	rasterizer.lineWidth = 1.0f;
	rasterizer.cullMode = VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT;
	rasterizer.frontFace = VK_FRONT_FACE_COUNTER_CLOCKWISE;
	rasterizer.depthBiasEnable = VK_FALSE;

	VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling{};
	multisampling.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	multisampling.sampleShadingEnable = VK_FALSE;
	multisampling.rasterizationSamples = msaaSamples;

	VkPipelineDepthStencilStateCreateInfo depthStencil{};
	depthStencil.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_DEPTH_STENCIL_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	depthStencil.depthTestEnable = VK_TRUE;
	depthStencil.depthWriteEnable = VK_TRUE;
	depthStencil.depthCompareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_LESS;
	depthStencil.depthBoundsTestEnable = VK_FALSE;
	depthStencil.stencilTestEnable = VK_FALSE;

	VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment{};
	colorBlendAttachment.colorWriteMask = VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT \| VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT \| VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT \| VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT;
	colorBlendAttachment.blendEnable = VK_FALSE;

	VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending{};
	colorBlending.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO;
	colorBlending.logicOpEnable = VK_FALSE;
	colorBlending.logicOp = VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY;
	colorBlending.attachmentCount = 1;
	colorBlending.pAttachments = &colorBlendAttachment;
	colorBlending.blendConstants[0] = 0.0f;
	colorBlending.blendConstants[1] = 0.0f;
	colorBlending.blendConstants[2] = 0.0f;
	colorBlending.blendConstants[3] = 0.0f;

	VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo pipelineLayoutInfo{};
	pipelineLayoutInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO;
	pipelineLayoutInfo.setLayoutCount = 1;
	pipelineLayoutInfo.pSetLayouts = &descriptorSetLayout;

	if (vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &pipelineLayoutInfo, nullptr, &pipelineLayout) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create pipeline layout!");
	}

	VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo pipelineInfo{};
	pipelineInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO;
	pipelineInfo.stageCount = 2;
	pipelineInfo.pStages = shaderStages;
	pipelineInfo.pVertexInputState = &vertexInputInfo;
	pipelineInfo.pInputAssemblyState = &inputAssembly;
	pipelineInfo.pViewportState = &viewportState;
	pipelineInfo.pRasterizationState = &rasterizer;
	pipelineInfo.pMultisampleState = &multisampling;
	pipelineInfo.pDepthStencilState = &depthStencil;
	pipelineInfo.pColorBlendState = &colorBlending;
	pipelineInfo.layout = pipelineLayout;
	pipelineInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
	pipelineInfo.subpass = 0;
	pipelineInfo.basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE;

	if (vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &pipelineInfo, nullptr, &graphicsPipeline) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create graphics pipeline!");
	}

	vkDestroyShaderModule(device, fragShaderModule, nullptr);
	vkDestroyShaderModule(device, vertShaderModule, nullptr);
	}

	void createFramebuffers() {
	swapChainFramebuffers.resize(swapChainImageViews.size());

	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImageViews.size(); i++) {
	std::array<VkImageView, 3> attachments = {
	colorImageView,
	depthImageView,
	swapChainImageViews[i]
	};

	VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferInfo{};
	framebufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
	framebufferInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
	framebufferInfo.attachmentCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(attachments.size());
	framebufferInfo.pAttachments = attachments.data();
	framebufferInfo.width = swapChainExtent.width;
	framebufferInfo.height = swapChainExtent.height;
	framebufferInfo.layers = 1;

	if (vkCreateFramebuffer(device, &framebufferInfo, nullptr, &swapChainFramebuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create framebuffer!");
	}
	}
	}

	void createCommandPool() {
	QueueFamilyIndices queueFamilyIndices = findQueueFamilies(physicalDevice);

	VkCommandPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};
	poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
	poolInfo.queueFamilyIndex = queueFamilyIndices.graphicsFamily.value();

	if (vkCreateCommandPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &commandPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create graphics command pool!");
	}
	}

	void createColorResources() {
	VkFormat colorFormat = swapChainImageFormat;

	createImage(swapChainExtent.width, swapChainExtent.height, 1, msaaSamples, colorFormat, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSIENT_ATTACHMENT_BIT \| VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, colorImage, colorImageMemory);
	colorImageView = createImageView(colorImage, colorFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 1);
	}

	void createDepthResources() {
	VkFormat depthFormat = findDepthFormat();

	createImage(swapChainExtent.width, swapChainExtent.height, 1, msaaSamples, depthFormat, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, depthImage, depthImageMemory);
	depthImageView = createImageView(depthImage, depthFormat, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_DEPTH_BIT, 1);
	}

	VkFormat findSupportedFormat(const std::vector<VkFormat>& candidates, VkImageTiling tiling, VkFormatFeatureFlags features) {
	for (VkFormat format : candidates) {
	VkFormatProperties props;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physicalDevice, format, &props);

	if (tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR && (props.linearTilingFeatures & features) == features) {
	return format;
	} else if (tiling == VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL && (props.optimalTilingFeatures & features) == features) {
	return format;
	}
	}

	throw std::runtime_error("failed to find supported format!");
	}

	VkFormat findDepthFormat() {
	return findSupportedFormat(
	{VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT, VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT, VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT},
	VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL,
	VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT_BIT
	);
	}

	bool hasStencilComponent(VkFormat format) {
	return format == VK_FORMAT_D32_SFLOAT_S8_UINT \|\| format == VK_FORMAT_D24_UNORM_S8_UINT;
	}

	void createTextureImage() {
	int texWidth, texHeight, texChannels;
	stbi_uc* pixels = stbi_load(TEXTURE_PATH.c_str(), &texWidth, &texHeight, &texChannels, STBI_rgb_alpha);
	VkDeviceSize imageSize = texWidth * texHeight * 4;
	mipLevels = static_cast<uint32_t>(std::floor(std::log2(std::max(texWidth, texHeight)))) + 1;

	if (!pixels) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to load texture image!");
	}

	VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
	VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
	createBuffer(imageSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT \| VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

	void* data;
	vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, imageSize, 0, &data);
	memcpy(data, pixels, static_cast<size_t>(imageSize));
	vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);

	stbi_image_free(pixels);

	createImage(texWidth, texHeight, mipLevels, VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL, VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT \| VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT \| VK_IMAGE_USAGE_SAMPLED_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, textureImage, textureImageMemory);

	transitionImageLayout(textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, mipLevels);
	copyBufferToImage(stagingBuffer, textureImage, static_cast<uint32_t>(texWidth), static_cast<uint32_t>(texHeight));
	//transitioned to VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL while generating mipmaps

	vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);

	generateMipmaps(textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, texWidth, texHeight, mipLevels);
	}

	void generateMipmaps(VkImage image, VkFormat imageFormat, int32_t texWidth, int32_t texHeight, uint32_t mipLevels) {
	// Check if image format supports linear blitting
	VkFormatProperties formatProperties;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFormatProperties(physicalDevice, imageFormat, &formatProperties);

	if (!(formatProperties.optimalTilingFeatures & VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_SAMPLED_IMAGE_FILTER_LINEAR_BIT)) {
	throw std::runtime_error("texture image format does not support linear blitting!");
	}

	VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

	VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier{};
	barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
	barrier.image = image;
	barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;
	barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = 1;

	int32_t mipWidth = texWidth;
	int32_t mipHeight = texHeight;

	for (uint32_t i = 1; i < mipLevels; i++) {
	barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = i - 1;
	barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
	barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
	barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
	barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;

	vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, 0,
	0, nullptr,
	0, nullptr,
	1, &barrier);

	VkImageBlit blit{};
	blit.srcOffsets[0] = {0, 0, 0};
	blit.srcOffsets[1] = {mipWidth, mipHeight, 1};
	blit.srcSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	blit.srcSubresource.mipLevel = i - 1;
	blit.srcSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	blit.srcSubresource.layerCount = 1;
	blit.dstOffsets[0] = {0, 0, 0};
	blit.dstOffsets[1] = { mipWidth > 1 ? mipWidth / 2 : 1, mipHeight > 1 ? mipHeight / 2 : 1, 1 };
	blit.dstSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	blit.dstSubresource.mipLevel = i;
	blit.dstSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	blit.dstSubresource.layerCount = 1;

	vkCmdBlitImage(commandBuffer,
	image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL,
	image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL,
	1, &blit,
	VK_FILTER_LINEAR);

	barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_SRC_OPTIMAL;
	barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
	barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_READ_BIT;
	barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;

	vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0,
	0, nullptr,
	0, nullptr,
	1, &barrier);

	if (mipWidth > 1) mipWidth /= 2;
	if (mipHeight > 1) mipHeight /= 2;
	}

	barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = mipLevels - 1;
	barrier.oldLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL;
	barrier.newLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
	barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
	barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;

	vkCmdPipelineBarrier(commandBuffer,
	VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT, VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT, 0,
	0, nullptr,
	0, nullptr,
	1, &barrier);

	endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
	}

	VkSampleCountFlagBits getMaxUsableSampleCount() {
	VkPhysicalDeviceProperties physicalDeviceProperties;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, &physicalDeviceProperties);

	VkSampleCountFlags counts = physicalDeviceProperties.limits.framebufferColorSampleCounts & physicalDeviceProperties.limits.framebufferDepthSampleCounts;
	if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_64_BIT; }
	if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_32_BIT; }
	if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_16_BIT; }
	if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_8_BIT; }
	if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_4_BIT; }
	if (counts & VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT) { return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_2_BIT; }

	return VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT;
	}

	void createTextureImageView() {
	textureImageView = createImageView(textureImage, VK_FORMAT_R8G8B8A8_SRGB, VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, mipLevels);
	}

	void createTextureSampler() {
	VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties{};
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(physicalDevice, &properties);

	VkSamplerCreateInfo samplerInfo{};
	samplerInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SAMPLER_CREATE_INFO;
	samplerInfo.magFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
	samplerInfo.minFilter = VK_FILTER_LINEAR;
	samplerInfo.addressModeU = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
	samplerInfo.addressModeV = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
	samplerInfo.addressModeW = VK_SAMPLER_ADDRESS_MODE_REPEAT;
	samplerInfo.anisotropyEnable = VK_TRUE;
	samplerInfo.maxAnisotropy = properties.limits.maxSamplerAnisotropy;
	samplerInfo.borderColor = VK_BORDER_COLOR_INT_OPAQUE_BLACK;
	samplerInfo.unnormalizedCoordinates = VK_FALSE;
	samplerInfo.compareEnable = VK_FALSE;
	samplerInfo.compareOp = VK_COMPARE_OP_ALWAYS;
	samplerInfo.mipmapMode = VK_SAMPLER_MIPMAP_MODE_LINEAR;
	samplerInfo.minLod = 0.0f;
	samplerInfo.maxLod = static_cast<float>(mipLevels);
	samplerInfo.mipLodBias = 0.0f;

	if (vkCreateSampler(device, &samplerInfo, nullptr, &textureSampler) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create texture sampler!");
	}
	}

	VkImageView createImageView(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageAspectFlags aspectFlags, uint32_t mipLevels) {
	VkImageViewCreateInfo viewInfo{};
	viewInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO;
	viewInfo.image = image;
	viewInfo.viewType = VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D;
	viewInfo.format = format;
	viewInfo.subresourceRange.aspectMask = aspectFlags;
	viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
	viewInfo.subresourceRange.levelCount = mipLevels;
	viewInfo.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	viewInfo.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

	VkImageView imageView;
	if (vkCreateImageView(device, &viewInfo, nullptr, &imageView) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create texture image view!");
	}

	return imageView;
	}

	void createImage(uint32_t width, uint32_t height, uint32_t mipLevels, VkSampleCountFlagBits numSamples, VkFormat format, VkImageTiling tiling, VkImageUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkImage& image, VkDeviceMemory& imageMemory) {
	VkImageCreateInfo imageInfo{};
	imageInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_CREATE_INFO;
	imageInfo.imageType = VK_IMAGE_TYPE_2D;
	imageInfo.extent.width = width;
	imageInfo.extent.height = height;
	imageInfo.extent.depth = 1;
	imageInfo.mipLevels = mipLevels;
	imageInfo.arrayLayers = 1;
	imageInfo.format = format;
	imageInfo.tiling = tiling;
	imageInfo.initialLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED;
	imageInfo.usage = usage;
	imageInfo.samples = numSamples;
	imageInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

	if (vkCreateImage(device, &imageInfo, nullptr, &image) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create image!");
	}

	VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
	vkGetImageMemoryRequirements(device, image, &memRequirements);

	VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
	allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
	allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
	allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);

	if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &imageMemory) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate image memory!");
	}

	vkBindImageMemory(device, image, imageMemory, 0);
	}

	void transitionImageLayout(VkImage image, VkFormat format, VkImageLayout oldLayout, VkImageLayout newLayout, uint32_t mipLevels) {
	VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

	VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier{};
	barrier.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER;
	barrier.oldLayout = oldLayout;
	barrier.newLayout = newLayout;
	barrier.srcQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	barrier.dstQueueFamilyIndex = VK_QUEUE_FAMILY_IGNORED;
	barrier.image = image;
	barrier.subresourceRange.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	barrier.subresourceRange.baseMipLevel = 0;
	barrier.subresourceRange.levelCount = mipLevels;
	barrier.subresourceRange.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	barrier.subresourceRange.layerCount = 1;

	VkPipelineStageFlags sourceStage;
	VkPipelineStageFlags destinationStage;

	if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL) {
	barrier.srcAccessMask = 0;
	barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;

	sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TOP_OF_PIPE_BIT;
	destinationStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
	} else if (oldLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL && newLayout == VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL) {
	barrier.srcAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_TRANSFER_WRITE_BIT;
	barrier.dstAccessMask = VK_ACCESS_SHADER_READ_BIT;

	sourceStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;
	destinationStage = VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_FRAGMENT_SHADER_BIT;
	} else {
	throw std::invalid_argument("unsupported layout transition!");
	}

	vkCmdPipelineBarrier(
	commandBuffer,
	sourceStage, destinationStage,
	0,
	0, nullptr,
	0, nullptr,
	1, &barrier
	);

	endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
	}

	void copyBufferToImage(VkBuffer buffer, VkImage image, uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
	VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

	VkBufferImageCopy region{};
	region.bufferOffset = 0;
	region.bufferRowLength = 0;
	region.bufferImageHeight = 0;
	region.imageSubresource.aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT;
	region.imageSubresource.mipLevel = 0;
	region.imageSubresource.baseArrayLayer = 0;
	region.imageSubresource.layerCount = 1;
	region.imageOffset = {0, 0, 0};
	region.imageExtent = {
	width,
	height,
	1
	};

	vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(commandBuffer, buffer, image, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);

	endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
	}

	void loadModel() {
	tinyobj::attrib_t attrib;
	std::vector<tinyobj::shape_t> shapes;
	std::vector<tinyobj::material_t> materials;
	std::string warn, err;

	if (!tinyobj::LoadObj(&attrib, &shapes, &materials, &warn, &err, MODEL_PATH.c_str())) {
	throw std::runtime_error(warn + err);
	}

	std::unordered_map<Vertex, uint32_t> uniqueVertices{};

	for (const auto& shape : shapes) {
	for (const auto& index : shape.mesh.indices) {
	Vertex vertex{};

	vertex.pos = {
	attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 0],
	attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 1],
	attrib.vertices[3 * index.vertex_index + 2]
	};

	vertex.texCoord = {
	attrib.texcoords[2 * index.texcoord_index + 0],
	1.0f - attrib.texcoords[2 * index.texcoord_index + 1]
	};

	vertex.color = {1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};

	if (uniqueVertices.count(vertex) == 0) {
	uniqueVertices[vertex] = static_cast<uint32_t>(vertices.size());
	vertices.push_back(vertex);
	}

	indices.push_back(uniqueVertices[vertex]);
	}
	}
	}

	void createVertexBuffer() {
	VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(vertices[0]) * vertices.size();

	VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
	VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
	createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT \| VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

	void* data;
	vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &data);
	memcpy(data, vertices.data(), (size_t) bufferSize);
	vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);

	createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT \| VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, vertexBuffer, vertexBufferMemory);

	copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, vertexBuffer, bufferSize);

	vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
	}

	void createIndexBuffer() {
	VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(indices[0]) * indices.size();

	VkBuffer stagingBuffer;
	VkDeviceMemory stagingBufferMemory;
	createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT \| VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, stagingBuffer, stagingBufferMemory);

	void* data;
	vkMapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, 0, bufferSize, 0, &data);
	memcpy(data, indices.data(), (size_t) bufferSize);
	vkUnmapMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory);

	createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT \| VK_BUFFER_USAGE_INDEX_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_DEVICE_LOCAL_BIT, indexBuffer, indexBufferMemory);

	copyBuffer(stagingBuffer, indexBuffer, bufferSize);

	vkDestroyBuffer(device, stagingBuffer, nullptr);
	vkFreeMemory(device, stagingBufferMemory, nullptr);
	}

	void createUniformBuffers() {
	VkDeviceSize bufferSize = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);

	uniformBuffers.resize(swapChainImages.size());
	uniformBuffersMemory.resize(swapChainImages.size());

	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
	createBuffer(bufferSize, VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT, VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT \| VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT, uniformBuffers[i], uniformBuffersMemory[i]);
	}
	}

	void createDescriptorPool() {
	std::array<VkDescriptorPoolSize, 2> poolSizes{};
	poolSizes[0].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
	poolSizes[0].descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());
	poolSizes[1].type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
	poolSizes[1].descriptorCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());

	VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo poolInfo{};
	poolInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO;
	poolInfo.poolSizeCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(poolSizes.size());
	poolInfo.pPoolSizes = poolSizes.data();
	poolInfo.maxSets = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());

	if (vkCreateDescriptorPool(device, &poolInfo, nullptr, &descriptorPool) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create descriptor pool!");
	}
	}

	void createDescriptorSets() {
	std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(swapChainImages.size(), descriptorSetLayout);
	VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
	allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO;
	allocInfo.descriptorPool = descriptorPool;
	allocInfo.descriptorSetCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapChainImages.size());
	allocInfo.pSetLayouts = layouts.data();

	descriptorSets.resize(swapChainImages.size());
	if (vkAllocateDescriptorSets(device, &allocInfo, descriptorSets.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate descriptor sets!");
	}

	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapChainImages.size(); i++) {
	VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo{};
	bufferInfo.buffer = uniformBuffers[i];
	bufferInfo.offset = 0;
	bufferInfo.range = sizeof(UniformBufferObject);

	VkDescriptorImageInfo imageInfo{};
	imageInfo.imageLayout = VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_SHADER_READ_ONLY_OPTIMAL;
	imageInfo.imageView = textureImageView;
	imageInfo.sampler = textureSampler;

	std::array<VkWriteDescriptorSet, 2> descriptorWrites{};

	descriptorWrites[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
	descriptorWrites[0].dstSet = descriptorSets[i];
	descriptorWrites[0].dstBinding = 0;
	descriptorWrites[0].dstArrayElement = 0;
	descriptorWrites[0].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER;
	descriptorWrites[0].descriptorCount = 1;
	descriptorWrites[0].pBufferInfo = &bufferInfo;

	descriptorWrites[1].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET;
	descriptorWrites[1].dstSet = descriptorSets[i];
	descriptorWrites[1].dstBinding = 1;
	descriptorWrites[1].dstArrayElement = 0;
	descriptorWrites[1].descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_COMBINED_IMAGE_SAMPLER;
	descriptorWrites[1].descriptorCount = 1;
	descriptorWrites[1].pImageInfo = &imageInfo;

	vkUpdateDescriptorSets(device, static_cast<uint32_t>(descriptorWrites.size()), descriptorWrites.data(), 0, nullptr);
	}
	}

	void createBuffer(VkDeviceSize size, VkBufferUsageFlags usage, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties, VkBuffer& buffer, VkDeviceMemory& bufferMemory) {
	VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo{};
	bufferInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO;
	bufferInfo.size = size;
	bufferInfo.usage = usage;
	bufferInfo.sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;

	if (vkCreateBuffer(device, &bufferInfo, nullptr, &buffer) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create buffer!");
	}

	VkMemoryRequirements memRequirements;
	vkGetBufferMemoryRequirements(device, buffer, &memRequirements);

	VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
	allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO;
	allocInfo.allocationSize = memRequirements.size;
	allocInfo.memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(memRequirements.memoryTypeBits, properties);

	if (vkAllocateMemory(device, &allocInfo, nullptr, &bufferMemory) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate buffer memory!");
	}

	vkBindBufferMemory(device, buffer, bufferMemory, 0);
	}

	VkCommandBuffer beginSingleTimeCommands() {
	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
	allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
	allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
	allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
	allocInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;

	VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer;
	vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, &commandBuffer);

	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
	beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;
	beginInfo.flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT;

	vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, &beginInfo);

	return commandBuffer;
	}

	void endSingleTimeCommands(VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer) {
	vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffer);

	VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
	submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;
	submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
	submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffer;

	vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
	vkQueueWaitIdle(graphicsQueue);

	vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, commandPool, 1, &commandBuffer);
	}

	void copyBuffer(VkBuffer srcBuffer, VkBuffer dstBuffer, VkDeviceSize size) {
	VkCommandBuffer commandBuffer = beginSingleTimeCommands();

	VkBufferCopy copyRegion{};
	copyRegion.size = size;
	vkCmdCopyBuffer(commandBuffer, srcBuffer, dstBuffer, 1, &copyRegion);

	endSingleTimeCommands(commandBuffer);
	}

	uint32_t findMemoryType(uint32_t typeFilter, VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties) {
	VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProperties;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice, &memProperties);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memProperties.memoryTypeCount; i++) {
	if ((typeFilter & (1 << i)) && (memProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) == properties) {
	return i;
	}
	}

	throw std::runtime_error("failed to find suitable memory type!");
	}

	void createCommandBuffers() {
	commandBuffers.resize(swapChainFramebuffers.size());

	VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo allocInfo{};
	allocInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO;
	allocInfo.commandPool = commandPool;
	allocInfo.level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY;
	allocInfo.commandBufferCount = (uint32_t) commandBuffers.size();

	if (vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &allocInfo, commandBuffers.data()) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to allocate command buffers!");
	}

	for (size_t i = 0; i < commandBuffers.size(); i++) {
	VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{};
	beginInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO;

	if (vkBeginCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[i], &beginInfo) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to begin recording command buffer!");
	}

	VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassInfo{};
	renderPassInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO;
	renderPassInfo.renderPass = renderPass;
	renderPassInfo.framebuffer = swapChainFramebuffers[i];
	renderPassInfo.renderArea.offset = {0, 0};
	renderPassInfo.renderArea.extent = swapChainExtent;

	std::array<VkClearValue, 2> clearValues{};
	clearValues[0].color = {{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}};
	clearValues[1].depthStencil = {1.0f, 0};

	renderPassInfo.clearValueCount = static_cast<uint32_t>(clearValues.size());
	renderPassInfo.pClearValues = clearValues.data();

	vkCmdBeginRenderPass(commandBuffers[i], &renderPassInfo, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

	vkCmdBindPipeline(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, graphicsPipeline);

	VkBuffer vertexBuffers[] = {vertexBuffer};
	VkDeviceSize offsets[] = {0};
	vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(commandBuffers[i], 0, 1, vertexBuffers, offsets);

	vkCmdBindIndexBuffer(commandBuffers[i], indexBuffer, 0, VK_INDEX_TYPE_UINT32);

	vkCmdBindDescriptorSets(commandBuffers[i], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, pipelineLayout, 0, 1, &descriptorSets[i], 0, nullptr);

	vkCmdDrawIndexed(commandBuffers[i], static_cast<uint32_t>(indices.size()), 1, 0, 0, 0);

	vkCmdEndRenderPass(commandBuffers[i]);

	if (vkEndCommandBuffer(commandBuffers[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to record command buffer!");
	}
	}
	}

	void createSyncObjects() {
	imageAvailableSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
	renderFinishedSemaphores.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
	inFlightFences.resize(MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT);
	imagesInFlight.resize(swapChainImages.size(), VK_NULL_HANDLE);

	VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo{};
	semaphoreInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO;

	VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo{};
	fenceInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO;
	fenceInfo.flags = VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT; i++) {
	if (vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &imageAvailableSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS \|\|
	vkCreateSemaphore(device, &semaphoreInfo, nullptr, &renderFinishedSemaphores[i]) != VK_SUCCESS \|\|
	vkCreateFence(device, &fenceInfo, nullptr, &inFlightFences[i]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create synchronization objects for a frame!");
	}
	}
	}

	void updateUniformBuffer(uint32_t currentImage) {
	static auto startTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

	auto currentTime = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
	float time = std::chrono::duration<float, std::chrono::seconds::period>(currentTime - startTime).count();

	UniformBufferObject ubo{};
	ubo.model = glm::rotate(glm::mat4(1.0f), time * glm::radians(90.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
	ubo.view = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f), glm::vec3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f));
	ubo.proj = glm::perspective(glm::radians(45.0f), swapChainExtent.width / (float) swapChainExtent.height, 0.1f, 10.0f);
	ubo.proj[1][1] *= -1;

	void* data;
	vkMapMemory(device, uniformBuffersMemory[currentImage], 0, sizeof(ubo), 0, &data);
	memcpy(data, &ubo, sizeof(ubo));
	vkUnmapMemory(device, uniformBuffersMemory[currentImage]);
	}

	void drawFrame() {
	vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);

	uint32_t imageIndex;
	VkResult result = vkAcquireNextImageKHR(device, swapChain, UINT64_MAX, imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame], VK_NULL_HANDLE, &imageIndex);

	if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR) {
	recreateSwapChain();
	return;
	} else if (result != VK_SUCCESS && result != VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to acquire swap chain image!");
	}

	updateUniformBuffer(imageIndex);

	if (imagesInFlight[imageIndex] != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
	vkWaitForFences(device, 1, &imagesInFlight[imageIndex], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
	}
	imagesInFlight[imageIndex] = inFlightFences[currentFrame];

	VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{};
	submitInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO;

	VkSemaphore waitSemaphores[] = {imageAvailableSemaphores[currentFrame]};
	VkPipelineStageFlags waitStages[] = {VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT};
	submitInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
	submitInfo.pWaitSemaphores = waitSemaphores;
	submitInfo.pWaitDstStageMask = waitStages;

	submitInfo.commandBufferCount = 1;
	submitInfo.pCommandBuffers = &commandBuffers[imageIndex];

	VkSemaphore signalSemaphores[] = {renderFinishedSemaphores[currentFrame]};
	submitInfo.signalSemaphoreCount = 1;
	submitInfo.pSignalSemaphores = signalSemaphores;

	vkResetFences(device, 1, &inFlightFences[currentFrame]);

	if (vkQueueSubmit(graphicsQueue, 1, &submitInfo, inFlightFences[currentFrame]) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to submit draw command buffer!");
	}

	VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo{};
	presentInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR;

	presentInfo.waitSemaphoreCount = 1;
	presentInfo.pWaitSemaphores = signalSemaphores;

	VkSwapchainKHR swapChains[] = {swapChain};
	presentInfo.swapchainCount = 1;
	presentInfo.pSwapchains = swapChains;

	presentInfo.pImageIndices = &imageIndex;

	result = vkQueuePresentKHR(presentQueue, &presentInfo);

	if (result == VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR \|\| result == VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR \|\| framebufferResized) {
	framebufferResized = false;
	recreateSwapChain();
	} else if (result != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to present swap chain image!");
	}

	currentFrame = (currentFrame + 1) % MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
	}

	VkShaderModule createShaderModule(const std::vector<char>& code) {
	VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo{};
	createInfo.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO;
	createInfo.codeSize = code.size();
	createInfo.pCode = reinterpret_cast<const uint32_t*>(code.data());

	VkShaderModule shaderModule;
	if (vkCreateShaderModule(device, &createInfo, nullptr, &shaderModule) != VK_SUCCESS) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to create shader module!");
	}

	return shaderModule;
	}

	VkSurfaceFormatKHR chooseSwapSurfaceFormat(const std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR>& availableFormats) {
	for (const auto& availableFormat : availableFormats) {
	if (availableFormat.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB && availableFormat.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
	return availableFormat;
	}
	}

	return availableFormats[0];
	}

	VkPresentModeKHR chooseSwapPresentMode(const std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR>& availablePresentModes) {
	for (const auto& availablePresentMode : availablePresentModes) {
	if (availablePresentMode == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
	return availablePresentMode;
	}
	}

	return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
	}

	VkExtent2D chooseSwapExtent(const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR& capabilities) {
	if (capabilities.currentExtent.width != UINT32_MAX) {
	return capabilities.currentExtent;
	} else {
	int width, height;
	glfwGetFramebufferSize(window, &width, &height);

	VkExtent2D actualExtent = {
	static_cast<uint32_t>(width),
	static_cast<uint32_t>(height)
	};

	actualExtent.width = std::clamp(actualExtent.width, capabilities.minImageExtent.width, capabilities.maxImageExtent.width);
	actualExtent.height = std::clamp(actualExtent.height, capabilities.minImageExtent.height, capabilities.maxImageExtent.height);

	return actualExtent;
	}
	}

	SwapChainSupportDetails querySwapChainSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
	SwapChainSupportDetails details;

	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(device, surface, &details.capabilities);

	uint32_t formatCount;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, nullptr);

	if (formatCount != 0) {
	details.formats.resize(formatCount);
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(device, surface, &formatCount, details.formats.data());
	}

	uint32_t presentModeCount;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, nullptr);

	if (presentModeCount != 0) {
	details.presentModes.resize(presentModeCount);
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(device, surface, &presentModeCount, details.presentModes.data());
	}

	return details;
	}

	bool isDeviceSuitable(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
	QueueFamilyIndices indices = findQueueFamilies(device);

	bool extensionsSupported = checkDeviceExtensionSupport(device);

	bool swapChainAdequate = false;
	if (extensionsSupported) {
	SwapChainSupportDetails swapChainSupport = querySwapChainSupport(device);
	swapChainAdequate = !swapChainSupport.formats.empty() && !swapChainSupport.presentModes.empty();
	}

	VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures supportedFeatures;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(device, &supportedFeatures);

	return indices.isComplete() && extensionsSupported && swapChainAdequate && supportedFeatures.samplerAnisotropy;
	}

	bool checkDeviceExtensionSupport(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
	uint32_t extensionCount;
	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, nullptr);

	std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> availableExtensions(extensionCount);
	vkEnumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, nullptr, &extensionCount, availableExtensions.data());

	std::set<std::string> requiredExtensions(deviceExtensions.begin(), deviceExtensions.end());

	for (const auto& extension : availableExtensions) {
	requiredExtensions.erase(extension.extensionName);
	}

	return requiredExtensions.empty();
	}

	QueueFamilyIndices findQueueFamilies(VkPhysicalDevice device) {
	QueueFamilyIndices indices;

	uint32_t queueFamilyCount = 0;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, nullptr);

	std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueFamilies(queueFamilyCount);
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, &queueFamilyCount, queueFamilies.data());

	int i = 0;
	for (const auto& queueFamily : queueFamilies) {
	if (queueFamily.queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
	indices.graphicsFamily = i;
	}

	VkBool32 presentSupport = false;
	vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(device, i, surface, &presentSupport);

	if (presentSupport) {
	indices.presentFamily = i;
	}

	if (indices.isComplete()) {
	break;
	}

	i++;
	}

	return indices;
	}

	std::vector<const char*> getRequiredExtensions() {
	uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
	const char** glfwExtensions;
	glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);

	std::vector<const char*> extensions(glfwExtensions, glfwExtensions + glfwExtensionCount);

	if (enableValidationLayers) {
	extensions.push_back(VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME);
	}

	return extensions;
	}

	bool checkValidationLayerSupport() {
	uint32_t layerCount;
	vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, nullptr);

	std::vector<VkLayerProperties> availableLayers(layerCount);
	vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layerCount, availableLayers.data());

	for (const char* layerName : validationLayers) {
	bool layerFound = false;

	for (const auto& layerProperties : availableLayers) {
	if (strcmp(layerName, layerProperties.layerName) == 0) {
	layerFound = true;
	break;
	}
	}

	if (!layerFound) {
	return false;
	}
	}

	return true;
	}

	static std::vector<char> readFile(const std::string& filename) {
	std::ifstream file(filename, std::ios::ate \| std::ios::binary);

	if (!file.is_open()) {
	throw std::runtime_error("failed to open file!");
	}

	size_t fileSize = (size_t) file.tellg();
	std::vector<char> buffer(fileSize);

	file.seekg(0);
	file.read(buffer.data(), fileSize);

	file.close();

	return buffer;
	}

	static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debugCallback(VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT messageSeverity, VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT messageType, const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* pCallbackData, void* pUserData) {
	std::cerr << "validation layer: " << pCallbackData->pMessage << std::endl;

	return VK_FALSE;
	}
	};

	int main() {
	HelloTriangleApplication app;

	try {
	app.run();
	} catch (const std::exception& e) {
	std::cerr << e.what() << std::endl;
	return EXIT_FAILURE;
	}

	return EXIT_SUCCESS;
	}

Overv / VulkanTutorial Public

VulkanTutorial/code/29_multisampling.cpp

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